“You have heard that it was said to those of old, ‘You shall not murder; and whoever murders will be liable to judgment.’ But I say to you that everyone who is angry with his brother will be liable to judgment; whoever insults his brother will be liable to the council; and whoever says, ‘You fool!’ will be liable to the hell of fire. So if you are offering your gift at the altar and there remember that your brother has something against you, leave your gift there before the altar and go. First be reconciled to your brother, and then come and offer your gift. Come to terms quickly with your accuser while you are going with him to court, lest your accuser hand you over to the judge, and the judge to the guard, and you be put in prison. Truly, I say to you, you will never get out until you have paid the last penny. “You have heard that it was said, ‘You shall not commit adultery.’ But I say to you that everyone who looks at a woman with lustful intent has already committed adultery with her in his heart. If your right eye causes you to sin, tear it out and throw it away. For it is better that you lose one of your members than that your whole body be thrown into hell. And if your right hand causes you to sin, cut it off and throw it away. For it is better that you lose one of your members than that your whole body go into hell. “It was also said, ‘Whoever divorces his wife, let him give her a certificate of divorce.’ But I say to you that everyone who divorces his wife, except on the ground of sexual immorality, makes her commit adultery, and whoever marries a divorced woman commits adultery. “Again you have heard that it was said to those of old, ‘You shall not swear falsely, but shall perform to the Lord what you have sworn.’ But I say to you, Do not take an oath at all, either by heaven, for it is the throne of God, or by the earth, for it is his footstool, or by Jerusalem, for it is the city of the great King. And do not take an oath by your head, for you cannot make one hair white or black. Let what you say be simply ‘Yes’ or ‘No’; anything more than this comes from evil. “You have heard that it was said, ‘An eye for an eye and a tooth for a tooth.’ But I say to you, Do not resist the one who is evil. But if anyone slaps you on the right cheek, turn to him the other also. And if anyone would sue you and take your tunic, let him have your cloak as well. And if anyone forces you to go one mile, go with him two miles. Give to the one who begs from you, and do not refuse the one who would borrow from you. “You have heard that it was said, ‘You shall love your neighbor and hate your enemy.’ But I say to you, Love your enemies and pray for those who persecute you, so that you may be sons of your Father who is in heaven. For he makes his sun rise on the evil and on the good, and sends rain on the just and on the unjust. For if you love those who love you, what reward do you have? Do not even the tax collectors do the same? And if you greet only your brothers, what more are you doing than others? Do not even the Gentiles do the same? You therefore must be perfect, as your heavenly Father is perfect.
You fool! - "...or empty-headed." (Ryrie)
hell of fire - "The word translated 'hell' is Geenna, or Gehenna, a place in the valley of Hinnom where human sacrifices had been offered (cf. Jer. 7:31) and where the continuous burning of rubbish made it an apt illustration of the lake of fire (Mark 9:44; James 3:6; Rev 20:14)." (Ryrie)
you will never get out until you have paid the last penny - "The words contain an allegorical exhortation to Israel. It is a short outline of their history the Lord here introduces. Following the expansion of the law concerning murder and hatred, that which they were about to do with their own Brother, it is significant. Israel were the adversaries of Him who had come, and treated the royal Person in their midst as an adversary. They did not agree with Him and have been put into the prison (nationally) under punishment till the last farthing is paid. The lord will perform His whole work (punitive) upon Mount Zion and on Jerusalem (Isaiah 10:12), and then it will be 'that her warfare is ended' or, as the marginal reading gives it (Isaiah 40:2), 'her punishment is accepted,' and 'her iniquity is pardoned and she hath received of the Lord's hand double (in blessing) for all her sins.' Thus explained these words fit in the whole." (Gaebelein)
everyone who looks at a woman with lustful intent - "The lustful desire in one's heart can lead to the sinful act." (Ryrie)
if your right eye causes you to sin, tear it out and throw it away - "This is strong language, used to emphasize the comparison; i.e., sin is so dangerous, because it leads to eternal condemnation, that it would be better to lose hands or eyes temporarily than to lose life eternally." (Ryrie)
"Christ warned His hearers to remove the cause of the offense. He was not teaching mutilation, for a blind man can lust, and a man with no hands can have unlawful desires. Christ taught that one must deal with the sin of lust because this was the root of the problem of adultery. It is not enough to merely abstain from lust's outward manifestation, that is, adultery." (Pentecost)
except on the ground of sexual immorality - "It is disallowed except for unchastity, which may mean (1) adultery, (2) unfaithfulness during the period of betrothal (see Matt 1:19), or (3) marriage between near relatives (Lev. 18; Acts 15:29)." (Ryrie)
"God forbade adultery in the law. The Pharisees saw adultery as an illegal sexual union. But to refrain from the physical act did not fulfill the spiritual demands of the law, for the law demanded not only abstinence from a physical act but from the lustful desire that would produce the act. The law demanded purity of thought as well as abstinence from an act. Christ warned that the one who lusts is guilty of adultery and has thus violated the law." (Pentecost)
you shall not swear falsely - "...or perjure yourself. Oaths taken in the name of the Lord were binding, and perjury was strongly condemned in the law (Ex 20:7; Lev 19:12; Deut 19:16-19). Every oath contained an affirmation or promise and an appeal to God as the omniscient punisher of falsehoods, which made the oath binding. Thus we find phrases like 'as the Lord lives' (1 Sam 14:39). The emphasis on the sanctity of oaths led to the feeling that ordinary phrasing need not be truthful or binding. Jesus, however, taught (v. 37) that we should say and mean yes or no and never equivocate." (Ryrie)
"Since Christ allowed Himself to be put under an oath (Matt 26:63-64), we conclude that He did not forbid His hearers to put themselves under an oath. He was telling them that their character, reputation for honesty, and word should be so true, undefiled, and without duplicity that no one would think it necessary to put them under an oath, for no one would suspect them of deception. When the Pharisees took an oath, they affirmed something that could be understood in more than one way. They had mental reservations about what they were affirming. Christ told His listeners that when they made a statement, they should let their yes be yes and their no be no. Yes cannot mean no, and no cannot mean yes (cf. 2 Cor 1:17-20). These words are not open to several interpretations. Believers should affirm only what is true. Christ demanded trustworthiness in speech." (Pentecost)
tunic - "An undergarment." (Ryrie)
cloak - "An outer garment." (Ryrie)
if anyone forces you to go one mile, go with him two miles - "Palestine was occupied by Roman armies. In order to transport goods from one place to another, a Roman soldier had the right to requisition a person to carry his things. But to protect the conquered citizens from injustice, the Roman law said that a soldier could compel one to carry his burden for only one mile. But Christ said if one is conscripted to carry a burden, righteousness will compel him to carry it two miles (Matt 5:41)." (Pentecost)
love your enemies and pray for those who persecute you - "A new teaching, found nowhere in the OT." (Ryrie)
therefore must be perfect, as your heavenly Father is perfect - "The Sermon, and its Beatitudes, showed the hearers how to have good human relations, but they did not deal with the impossibility of man's achieving this in his present sinful condition. Like the Law, the Sermon on the Mount taught its most important lessons historically, for after more than 1900 years it is surely evident that man, in his present state cannot, surely does not, live up to the Sermon on the Mount." (Stam)
You fool! - "...or empty-headed." (Ryrie)
hell of fire - "The word translated 'hell' is Geenna, or Gehenna, a place in the valley of Hinnom where human sacrifices had been offered (cf. Jer. 7:31) and where the continuous burning of rubbish made it an apt illustration of the lake of fire (Mark 9:44; James 3:6; Rev 20:14)." (Ryrie)
you will never get out until you have paid the last penny - "The words contain an allegorical exhortation to Israel. It is a short outline of their history the Lord here introduces. Following the expansion of the law concerning murder and hatred, that which they were about to do with their own Brother, it is significant. Israel were the adversaries of Him who had come, and treated the royal Person in their midst as an adversary. They did not agree with Him and have been put into the prison (nationally) under punishment till the last farthing is paid. The lord will perform His whole work (punitive) upon Mount Zion and on Jerusalem (Isaiah 10:12), and then it will be 'that her warfare is ended' or, as the marginal reading gives it (Isaiah 40:2), 'her punishment is accepted,' and 'her iniquity is pardoned and she hath received of the Lord's hand double (in blessing) for all her sins.' Thus explained these words fit in the whole." (Gaebelein)
everyone who looks at a woman with lustful intent - "The lustful desire in one's heart can lead to the sinful act." (Ryrie)
if your right eye causes you to sin, tear it out and throw it away - "This is strong language, used to emphasize the comparison; i.e., sin is so dangerous, because it leads to eternal condemnation, that it would be better to lose hands or eyes temporarily than to lose life eternally." (Ryrie)
"Christ warned His hearers to remove the cause of the offense. He was not teaching mutilation, for a blind man can lust, and a man with no hands can have unlawful desires. Christ taught that one must deal with the sin of lust because this was the root of the problem of adultery. It is not enough to merely abstain from lust's outward manifestation, that is, adultery." (Pentecost)
except on the ground of sexual immorality - "It is disallowed except for unchastity, which may mean (1) adultery, (2) unfaithfulness during the period of betrothal (see Matt 1:19), or (3) marriage between near relatives (Lev. 18; Acts 15:29)." (Ryrie)
"God forbade adultery in the law. The Pharisees saw adultery as an illegal sexual union. But to refrain from the physical act did not fulfill the spiritual demands of the law, for the law demanded not only abstinence from a physical act but from the lustful desire that would produce the act. The law demanded purity of thought as well as abstinence from an act. Christ warned that the one who lusts is guilty of adultery and has thus violated the law." (Pentecost)
you shall not swear falsely - "...or perjure yourself. Oaths taken in the name of the Lord were binding, and perjury was strongly condemned in the law (Ex 20:7; Lev 19:12; Deut 19:16-19). Every oath contained an affirmation or promise and an appeal to God as the omniscient punisher of falsehoods, which made the oath binding. Thus we find phrases like 'as the Lord lives' (1 Sam 14:39). The emphasis on the sanctity of oaths led to the feeling that ordinary phrasing need not be truthful or binding. Jesus, however, taught (v. 37) that we should say and mean yes or no and never equivocate." (Ryrie)
"Since Christ allowed Himself to be put under an oath (Matt 26:63-64), we conclude that He did not forbid His hearers to put themselves under an oath. He was telling them that their character, reputation for honesty, and word should be so true, undefiled, and without duplicity that no one would think it necessary to put them under an oath, for no one would suspect them of deception. When the Pharisees took an oath, they affirmed something that could be understood in more than one way. They had mental reservations about what they were affirming. Christ told His listeners that when they made a statement, they should let their yes be yes and their no be no. Yes cannot mean no, and no cannot mean yes (cf. 2 Cor 1:17-20). These words are not open to several interpretations. Believers should affirm only what is true. Christ demanded trustworthiness in speech." (Pentecost)
tunic - "An undergarment." (Ryrie)
cloak - "An outer garment." (Ryrie)
if anyone forces you to go one mile, go with him two miles - "Palestine was occupied by Roman armies. In order to transport goods from one place to another, a Roman soldier had the right to requisition a person to carry his things. But to protect the conquered citizens from injustice, the Roman law said that a soldier could compel one to carry his burden for only one mile. But Christ said if one is conscripted to carry a burden, righteousness will compel him to carry it two miles (Matt 5:41)." (Pentecost)
love your enemies and pray for those who persecute you - "A new teaching, found nowhere in the OT." (Ryrie)
therefore must be perfect, as your heavenly Father is perfect - "The Sermon, and its Beatitudes, showed the hearers how to have good human relations, but they did not deal with the impossibility of man's achieving this in his present sinful condition. Like the Law, the Sermon on the Mount taught its most important lessons historically, for after more than 1900 years it is surely evident that man, in his present state cannot, surely does not, live up to the Sermon on the Mount." (Stam)
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