I mean that the heir, as long as he is a child, is no different from a slave, though he is the owner of everything, but he is under guardians and managers until the date set by his father. In the same way we also, when we were children, were enslaved to the elementary principles of the world. But when the fullness of time had come, God sent forth his Son, born of woman, born under the law, to redeem those who were under the law, so that we might receive adoption as sons. And because you are sons, God has sent the Spirit of his Son into our hearts, crying, “Abba! Father!” So you are no longer a slave, but a son, and if a son, then an heir through God.
the elementary principles of the world - "I.e., the bondage of a legalistic practice of Judaism or (for Gentiles) the bondage of heathenism (also v. 9)." (Ryrie)
born of woman - "The divine Son was also human." (Ryrie)
born under the law - "Christ was reared in conformity to the Mosaic Law." (Ryrie)
"The Lord Jesus was born under the law, lived under the law, and died under the penalty of the law which we broke, and in paying our penalty, He delivered us from any claims which the law had against." (Wuest)
"Yes, He too—for the sake of others—was placed under tutors and governors until the time appointed of the Father. He had to be placed in the position of a child, of a servant—in the position of obedience—"MADE UNDER THE LAW.' Though equal with God, He had left the place of equality to go to the garden and cry, 'O my Father, if it be possible, let this cup pass from me! NEVERTHELESS NOT AS I WILL, BUT AS THOU WILT' (Matt 26:39; cf. Heb 5:8)." (Stam)
adoption as sons - "Romans 9:4 and Eph 1:5 — Both these statements were penned by the Apostle Paul who is the only New Testament writer to employ the world here translated adoption ... According to this passage [Gal 4:1-7], 'adoption' is simply the 'placing as a son'—that is, a grown-up son. This is the definition of the word huiothesia (adoption) as given by Young, Robinson, and others, while Thayer, referring to that adoption for which believers still wait, calls it, 'the consummate condition of the sons of God, which will render it evident that they are the sons of God.' The adoption of children as we speak of it today generally refers to the taking in and bringing up of other people's children. This is not so of the Bible word huiothesia, for according to Galatians 4:1-7, this 'placing as son's affect those already children. This is not to imply, of course, that a stranger could not also be taken in and given a place as a full-grown son, but the point is that Bible 'adoption' does not refer to mere acceptance into the family, but to a declaration of full sonship, with all its rights and privileges. In the life of the Hebrew boy there came a time, appointed by the father, when 'adoption' proceedings took place and the boy was declared to be the son and heir of the father. Before that time he had been a son, indeed, but 'under tutors and governors.' He had been told what he must and must not do, as well as what he may and may not do. In this he differed nothing from a servant. But finally the 'time appointed' arrives. He is a grown son now. It is assumed that he will no longer need overseers to keep him in check. There will be natural understanding and cooperation between father and son. And so the 'adoption' proceedings take place—a declaration that the son now enters into all the rights and privileges of full sonship. Such is the meaning of the word adoption as it is used in the writings of Paul." (Stam)
Spirit of his Son - "The Holy Spirit in the heart of the believer shows his acceptance with God as a son and heir (v. 7)." (Ryrie)
Abba - "The Aramaic word for father." (Ryrie)
"The word pater (father) is the Greek equivalent of the Aramaic word Abba. Aramaic is the language which the Jews spoke in Palestine in the first century. Paul translates the word Abba for his Greek readers who were not acquainted with Aramaic." (Wuest)
So you are no longer a slave, but a son, and if a son, then an heir through God. - "As a son, Paul says, the believer is an heir of God. The purpose of the apostle in again bringing up the conceptions of heirship and inheritance is perhaps that he wants to remind the Galatians that their position as heirs of God is due, not to any personal merit or good works, but to the grace of God. Thus, the Galatians are reminded that it is not through coming under the law, but in maintaining their freedom from it that they will be able to obtain the blessing of Abraham, which blessing the Judaizers had held before their eyes as a prize obtainable only through circumcision. Paul appeals to them to retain the status of adult sons under grace which they already possessed, rather than go back to the position of a minor and a slave under law." (Wuest)
"As far as our position is concerned, there is no period of preparation or discipline. God does not first place us 'under tutors and governors,' until we have shown that we are worthy of a position of full sonship. Under the dispensation of law God demonstrated the insufficiency of man; Israel demonstrated how futile it is for the sons of Adam to try. Today, under the dispensation of grace He is demonstrating the all-sufficiency of Christ; now God is demonstrating His perfect satisfaction with those who take their place 'in Christ.'" (Stam)
"How do we enjoy sonship now? By resurrection, for the 11th verse of this same chapter of Romans says: 'But if the Spirit of Him that raised up Jesus from the dead dwell in you, He that raised up Christ from the dead shall also quicken your mortal bodies by His Spirit that dwelleth in you' (Rom 8:11). This passage is often applied to the future resurrection of the body, but we believe it refers to experiencing the resurrection life now, for the next verse goes on to say, 'Therefore, brethren, we are debtors, not to the flesh, to live after the flesh.' In other words, the Spirit of Him that raised up Christ from the dead will quicken our mortal bodies to help us to live the resurrection life—to walk in newness of life. This is what Paul meant when he exclaimed, 'that I might know Him, and the power of His resurrection.' And some day we shall come into the full enjoyment of our position! Who knows how soon!" (Stam)
the elementary principles of the world - "I.e., the bondage of a legalistic practice of Judaism or (for Gentiles) the bondage of heathenism (also v. 9)." (Ryrie)
born of woman - "The divine Son was also human." (Ryrie)
born under the law - "Christ was reared in conformity to the Mosaic Law." (Ryrie)
"The Lord Jesus was born under the law, lived under the law, and died under the penalty of the law which we broke, and in paying our penalty, He delivered us from any claims which the law had against." (Wuest)
"Yes, He too—for the sake of others—was placed under tutors and governors until the time appointed of the Father. He had to be placed in the position of a child, of a servant—in the position of obedience—"MADE UNDER THE LAW.' Though equal with God, He had left the place of equality to go to the garden and cry, 'O my Father, if it be possible, let this cup pass from me! NEVERTHELESS NOT AS I WILL, BUT AS THOU WILT' (Matt 26:39; cf. Heb 5:8)." (Stam)
adoption as sons - "Romans 9:4 and Eph 1:5 — Both these statements were penned by the Apostle Paul who is the only New Testament writer to employ the world here translated adoption ... According to this passage [Gal 4:1-7], 'adoption' is simply the 'placing as a son'—that is, a grown-up son. This is the definition of the word huiothesia (adoption) as given by Young, Robinson, and others, while Thayer, referring to that adoption for which believers still wait, calls it, 'the consummate condition of the sons of God, which will render it evident that they are the sons of God.' The adoption of children as we speak of it today generally refers to the taking in and bringing up of other people's children. This is not so of the Bible word huiothesia, for according to Galatians 4:1-7, this 'placing as son's affect those already children. This is not to imply, of course, that a stranger could not also be taken in and given a place as a full-grown son, but the point is that Bible 'adoption' does not refer to mere acceptance into the family, but to a declaration of full sonship, with all its rights and privileges. In the life of the Hebrew boy there came a time, appointed by the father, when 'adoption' proceedings took place and the boy was declared to be the son and heir of the father. Before that time he had been a son, indeed, but 'under tutors and governors.' He had been told what he must and must not do, as well as what he may and may not do. In this he differed nothing from a servant. But finally the 'time appointed' arrives. He is a grown son now. It is assumed that he will no longer need overseers to keep him in check. There will be natural understanding and cooperation between father and son. And so the 'adoption' proceedings take place—a declaration that the son now enters into all the rights and privileges of full sonship. Such is the meaning of the word adoption as it is used in the writings of Paul." (Stam)
Spirit of his Son - "The Holy Spirit in the heart of the believer shows his acceptance with God as a son and heir (v. 7)." (Ryrie)
Abba - "The Aramaic word for father." (Ryrie)
"The word pater (father) is the Greek equivalent of the Aramaic word Abba. Aramaic is the language which the Jews spoke in Palestine in the first century. Paul translates the word Abba for his Greek readers who were not acquainted with Aramaic." (Wuest)
So you are no longer a slave, but a son, and if a son, then an heir through God. - "As a son, Paul says, the believer is an heir of God. The purpose of the apostle in again bringing up the conceptions of heirship and inheritance is perhaps that he wants to remind the Galatians that their position as heirs of God is due, not to any personal merit or good works, but to the grace of God. Thus, the Galatians are reminded that it is not through coming under the law, but in maintaining their freedom from it that they will be able to obtain the blessing of Abraham, which blessing the Judaizers had held before their eyes as a prize obtainable only through circumcision. Paul appeals to them to retain the status of adult sons under grace which they already possessed, rather than go back to the position of a minor and a slave under law." (Wuest)
"As far as our position is concerned, there is no period of preparation or discipline. God does not first place us 'under tutors and governors,' until we have shown that we are worthy of a position of full sonship. Under the dispensation of law God demonstrated the insufficiency of man; Israel demonstrated how futile it is for the sons of Adam to try. Today, under the dispensation of grace He is demonstrating the all-sufficiency of Christ; now God is demonstrating His perfect satisfaction with those who take their place 'in Christ.'" (Stam)
"How do we enjoy sonship now? By resurrection, for the 11th verse of this same chapter of Romans says: 'But if the Spirit of Him that raised up Jesus from the dead dwell in you, He that raised up Christ from the dead shall also quicken your mortal bodies by His Spirit that dwelleth in you' (Rom 8:11). This passage is often applied to the future resurrection of the body, but we believe it refers to experiencing the resurrection life now, for the next verse goes on to say, 'Therefore, brethren, we are debtors, not to the flesh, to live after the flesh.' In other words, the Spirit of Him that raised up Christ from the dead will quicken our mortal bodies to help us to live the resurrection life—to walk in newness of life. This is what Paul meant when he exclaimed, 'that I might know Him, and the power of His resurrection.' And some day we shall come into the full enjoyment of our position! Who knows how soon!" (Stam)
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