And he called to him his twelve disciples and gave them authority over unclean spirits, to cast them out, and to heal every disease and every affliction. The names of the twelve apostles are these: first, Simon, who is called Peter, and Andrew his brother; James the son of Zebedee, and John his brother; Philip and Bartholomew; Thomas, and Matthew the tax collector; James the son of Alphaeus, and Thaddaeus; Simon the Zealot, and Judas Iscariot, who betrayed him. These twelve Jesus sent out, instructing them, “Go nowhere among the Gentiles and enter no town of the Samaritans, but go rather to the lost sheep of the house of Israel. And proclaim as you go, saying, ‘The kingdom of heaven is at hand.’ Heal the sick, raise the dead, cleanse lepers, cast out demons. You received without paying; give without pay. Acquire no gold or silver or copper for your belts, no bag for your journey, or two tunics or sandals or a staff, for the laborer deserves his food. And whatever town or village you enter, find out who is worthy in it and stay there until you depart. As you enter the house, greet it. And if the house is worthy, let your peace come upon it, but if it is not worthy, let your peace return to you. And if anyone will not receive you or listen to your words, shake off the dust from your feet when you leave that house or town. Truly, I say to you, it will be more bearable on the day of judgment for the land of Sodom and Gomorrah than for that town. “Behold, I am sending you out as sheep in the midst of wolves, so be wise as serpents and innocent as doves. Beware of men, for they will deliver you over to courts and flog you in their synagogues, and you will be dragged before governors and kings for my sake, to bear witness before them and the Gentiles. When they deliver you over, do not be anxious how you are to speak or what you are to say, for what you are to say will be given to you in that hour. For it is not you who speak, but the Spirit of your Father speaking through you. Brother will deliver brother over to death, and the father his child, and children will rise against parents and have them put to death, and you will be hated by all for my name's sake. But the one who endures to the end will be saved. When they persecute you in one town, flee to the next, for truly, I say to you, you will not have gone through all the towns of Israel before the Son of Man comes. “A disciple is not above his teacher, nor a servant above his master. It is enough for the disciple to be like his teacher, and the servant like his master. If they have called the master of the house Beelzebul, how much more will they malign those of his household.
disciples - "A disciple is one who is taught by another; he is a learner. In the Gospels the word is frequently used of the disciples of Moses (John 9:28), of John the Baptist (John 3:25), and of Christ. Judas is an example of an unsaved disciple of Christ, and there were others who deserted Him as well (John 6:66). The word is used in Acts as a synonym for 'believer.' It does not appear at all in the rest of the NT. This may be because a disciple was expected to physically follow his teacher wherever he went, leaving family and occupation. After Christ's ascension, this was impossible." (Ryrie)
"The first verse in this chapter tells us that He called His twelve disciples and that He gave them power over unclean spirits, so that they should cast them out, and heal every disease and every bodily weakness. The twelve messengers, whose names are given in the second, third and fourth verses, stand as such always in relation to Israel. He tells them later, 'Ye shall also sit on twelve thrones, judging the twelve tribes of Israel (Matt 19:28). Even in the New Jerusalem there will be this distinction. 'Her shining was like a most precious stone, as a crystal like jasper stone; having a great, high wall; having twelve gates, and at the gates twelve angels, and names inscribed, which are those of the twelve tribes of the sons of Israel ... and the wall of the city had twelve foundations, and on them twelve names of the twelve apostles of the Lamb' (Rev 21:12-14). The twelve apostles thus stand in prominent and definite relation to Israel. Here among the twelve, who are sent forth, is also the name of Judas the Iscariot, who delivered Him up. After his awful end another was rightly and divinely chosen in his place, that is Matthias." (Gaebelein)
apostles - "The word apostle means 'one sent forth' as an ambassador who bears a message and who represents the one who sent him. The qualifications included (1) seeing the Lord and being an eyewitness to His resurrection (Acts 1:22; 1 Cor 9:1), (2) being invested with miraculous sign-gifts (Acts 5:15-16; Heb 2:3-4), and (3) being chosen by the Lord of the Holy Spirit (vv. 1-2; Acts 1:26)." (Ryrie)
Zealot - "As in Luke 6:15 and Acts 1:13 Simon is called 'Zelotes' (the Zealot; the equivalent Greek term for Cananaean, a resident of Cana). He likely belonged, before following the Lord, to the extremist party of Zealots who advocated the overthrow of Rome by force." (Ryrie)
go rather to the lost sheep of the house of Israel - "This 'Great Commission' was limited to going to Jewish people only. Not even Samaritans (mix race of Jews and Gentiles who intermarried after the Assyrian conquest of Israel in 722 B.C.) were included, because the Jews had to prepare spiritually for the coming messianic, earthly kingdom first. After their rejection of the King, the commission given to the same group was to go to Gentiles (Matt 28:18-19). The disciples' ministry would be accompanied by miraculous signs (v. 8)." (Ryrie)
And proclaim as you go, saying, ‘The kingdom of heaven is at hand.’ - "What does this mean? It meant that the promised Kingdom for Israel, and through Israel to the nations, the Kingdom with all its earthly blessings, was about to come. It was heralding the fact of the presence of the King to set up the Kingdom, if His own would have it. Such a preaching of the Kingdom of the heavens is not given now. After the church age closes by the removal of the church from the earth into heaven, as foreshadowed by the vessel which Peter saw coming out of heaven and again received into heaven, then the kingdom will again draw nigh in the person of the returning King and Lord with His saints." (Gaebelein)
"Israel was the nation with which God had entered into a covenant through Abraham, David, and Jeremiah, and to which He had promised a Savior and Sovereign who would redeem and reign. The Old Testament anticipated blessings for Gentiles (Gen 12:3; Isa 60:3; Amos 9:12). But blessings on Gentiles were to come through Israel's Messiah. Such blessings could not come to them until Messiah ruled over His covenant people. At the time of the ministry of the Twelve, a message needed to go to Israel announcing to that nation that her King had arrived. Israel herself needed to come to faith before blessings could flow out from Israel to the nations of the earth. Next we notice the message the Twelve were to preach: 'The kingdom of heaven is near' (Matt 10:7). This was the message that Israel had first heard from John and the message that Christ had been publicly proclaiming." (Pentecost)
no bag for your journey - "They are to travel light; perhaps it was a quick journey. They could count on traditional hospitality at the hands of many devout Jewish householders. Notice the later change of instructions in Luke 22:36." (Ryrie)
"The general meaning in all three Gospels is the same: 'make no elaborate preparations, but go as you are.' They are not to be like persons travelling for trade or pleasure, but are to go about in all simplicity. It is not that they are purposely to augment the hardships of the journey (as forbidding staff and sandals might seem to imply), but that they are not to be anxious about equipment. Freedom from care rather than from comfort is the aim. Their care is to be for their work, not for their personal wants." (Plummer)
"When they entered a village, they were to seek out one who had a good reputation and request hospitality there. If they were entertained in the home of a disreputable person, it could injure their testimony and jeopardize their ministry. Once they found a suitable home, they were to stay there even though another might offer them greater convenience or comfort. They were to accept gratefully such hospitality as was extended to them." (Pentecost)
shake off the dust from your feet - "An act indicating rejection of that Jewish city as if it were an unclean Gentile city." (Ryrie)
flog - "...with a bastinado (stick or club), a painful punishment." (Ryrie)
vvs 21-23 - "These verses are a prediction of persecution in those days and in the Tribulation before the second coming of Christ (Matt 24:9-14)." (Ryrie)
I say to you, you will not have gone through all the towns of Israel before the Son of Man comes. - "These words are perhaps the most important in the whole chapter. They are a kind of a key to the entire chapter. The coming of the Son of Man which is mentioned is His second coming. The giving of the testimony by Jewish disciples concerning the Kingdom of the heavens is according to the words of our Lord to continue till He comes again. How are we to understand this? The testimony which was begun by the apostles up to the time when Israel rejected once more the offers of mercy from the risen Lord, when He was still waiting for their repentance as a nation, is an unfinished testimony. After that offer was again rejected the great parenthesis, the church age, began, and during this age (which is not reckoned in the Old Testament) there is no more Jewish testimony of the kingdom of the heavens. Israel nationally is set aside, blindness in part is theirs till the fullness of the Gentiles is come in. When the church is complete and the rapture of the saints has taken place, then the Lord begins to deal with His people Israel again. There is the seventieth week of Daniel 9 yet to come, and this week of seven years forms the end of this dispensation. In this coming last week of seven years the church testimony is finished and the Jewish believers will take up the unfinished testimony to the nation and proclaim once more 'The Kingdom of the heavens is a hand.' The 24th chapter in this Gospel is a continuation of the 10th chapter, inasmuch as Matthew 24 shows us the unfinished testimony of the 10th chapter, finished and completed. (Read Matt 24:5-32.) In Matt. 24 we read of the great tribulation, so likewise here in the tenth chapter. In Micah 7 we read of a dark picture and there the Spirit Christ reveals a tribulation, which His lips on the earth proclaim to His disciples. Then during the tribulation (never now) it will mean enduring to the end and salvation will come then by the visible return of the Son of Man from heaven. What our Lord said in verses 17 and 18 about persecutions from Jews and Gentiles for these witnesses will find its final great fulfillment in that great tribulation, when not alone the unbelieving nation will persecute the believing and witnessing Jewish remnant, but nations as well." (Gaebelein)
Beelzebul - "...means 'lord of the flies,' a guardian deity of the Ekronites (2 Kings 1:2), but used by the Jews as an epithet for Satan. The name may have been a mocking Hebrew alteration of BaalZebul, a local archdemon of northern Palestine and Syria. For Jesus' enemies to allege that He was possessed by Beelzebul was the worst kind of blasphemy (Mark 3:22)." (Ryrie)
disciples - "A disciple is one who is taught by another; he is a learner. In the Gospels the word is frequently used of the disciples of Moses (John 9:28), of John the Baptist (John 3:25), and of Christ. Judas is an example of an unsaved disciple of Christ, and there were others who deserted Him as well (John 6:66). The word is used in Acts as a synonym for 'believer.' It does not appear at all in the rest of the NT. This may be because a disciple was expected to physically follow his teacher wherever he went, leaving family and occupation. After Christ's ascension, this was impossible." (Ryrie)
"The first verse in this chapter tells us that He called His twelve disciples and that He gave them power over unclean spirits, so that they should cast them out, and heal every disease and every bodily weakness. The twelve messengers, whose names are given in the second, third and fourth verses, stand as such always in relation to Israel. He tells them later, 'Ye shall also sit on twelve thrones, judging the twelve tribes of Israel (Matt 19:28). Even in the New Jerusalem there will be this distinction. 'Her shining was like a most precious stone, as a crystal like jasper stone; having a great, high wall; having twelve gates, and at the gates twelve angels, and names inscribed, which are those of the twelve tribes of the sons of Israel ... and the wall of the city had twelve foundations, and on them twelve names of the twelve apostles of the Lamb' (Rev 21:12-14). The twelve apostles thus stand in prominent and definite relation to Israel. Here among the twelve, who are sent forth, is also the name of Judas the Iscariot, who delivered Him up. After his awful end another was rightly and divinely chosen in his place, that is Matthias." (Gaebelein)
apostles - "The word apostle means 'one sent forth' as an ambassador who bears a message and who represents the one who sent him. The qualifications included (1) seeing the Lord and being an eyewitness to His resurrection (Acts 1:22; 1 Cor 9:1), (2) being invested with miraculous sign-gifts (Acts 5:15-16; Heb 2:3-4), and (3) being chosen by the Lord of the Holy Spirit (vv. 1-2; Acts 1:26)." (Ryrie)
Zealot - "As in Luke 6:15 and Acts 1:13 Simon is called 'Zelotes' (the Zealot; the equivalent Greek term for Cananaean, a resident of Cana). He likely belonged, before following the Lord, to the extremist party of Zealots who advocated the overthrow of Rome by force." (Ryrie)
go rather to the lost sheep of the house of Israel - "This 'Great Commission' was limited to going to Jewish people only. Not even Samaritans (mix race of Jews and Gentiles who intermarried after the Assyrian conquest of Israel in 722 B.C.) were included, because the Jews had to prepare spiritually for the coming messianic, earthly kingdom first. After their rejection of the King, the commission given to the same group was to go to Gentiles (Matt 28:18-19). The disciples' ministry would be accompanied by miraculous signs (v. 8)." (Ryrie)
And proclaim as you go, saying, ‘The kingdom of heaven is at hand.’ - "What does this mean? It meant that the promised Kingdom for Israel, and through Israel to the nations, the Kingdom with all its earthly blessings, was about to come. It was heralding the fact of the presence of the King to set up the Kingdom, if His own would have it. Such a preaching of the Kingdom of the heavens is not given now. After the church age closes by the removal of the church from the earth into heaven, as foreshadowed by the vessel which Peter saw coming out of heaven and again received into heaven, then the kingdom will again draw nigh in the person of the returning King and Lord with His saints." (Gaebelein)
"Israel was the nation with which God had entered into a covenant through Abraham, David, and Jeremiah, and to which He had promised a Savior and Sovereign who would redeem and reign. The Old Testament anticipated blessings for Gentiles (Gen 12:3; Isa 60:3; Amos 9:12). But blessings on Gentiles were to come through Israel's Messiah. Such blessings could not come to them until Messiah ruled over His covenant people. At the time of the ministry of the Twelve, a message needed to go to Israel announcing to that nation that her King had arrived. Israel herself needed to come to faith before blessings could flow out from Israel to the nations of the earth. Next we notice the message the Twelve were to preach: 'The kingdom of heaven is near' (Matt 10:7). This was the message that Israel had first heard from John and the message that Christ had been publicly proclaiming." (Pentecost)
no bag for your journey - "They are to travel light; perhaps it was a quick journey. They could count on traditional hospitality at the hands of many devout Jewish householders. Notice the later change of instructions in Luke 22:36." (Ryrie)
"The general meaning in all three Gospels is the same: 'make no elaborate preparations, but go as you are.' They are not to be like persons travelling for trade or pleasure, but are to go about in all simplicity. It is not that they are purposely to augment the hardships of the journey (as forbidding staff and sandals might seem to imply), but that they are not to be anxious about equipment. Freedom from care rather than from comfort is the aim. Their care is to be for their work, not for their personal wants." (Plummer)
"When they entered a village, they were to seek out one who had a good reputation and request hospitality there. If they were entertained in the home of a disreputable person, it could injure their testimony and jeopardize their ministry. Once they found a suitable home, they were to stay there even though another might offer them greater convenience or comfort. They were to accept gratefully such hospitality as was extended to them." (Pentecost)
shake off the dust from your feet - "An act indicating rejection of that Jewish city as if it were an unclean Gentile city." (Ryrie)
flog - "...with a bastinado (stick or club), a painful punishment." (Ryrie)
vvs 21-23 - "These verses are a prediction of persecution in those days and in the Tribulation before the second coming of Christ (Matt 24:9-14)." (Ryrie)
I say to you, you will not have gone through all the towns of Israel before the Son of Man comes. - "These words are perhaps the most important in the whole chapter. They are a kind of a key to the entire chapter. The coming of the Son of Man which is mentioned is His second coming. The giving of the testimony by Jewish disciples concerning the Kingdom of the heavens is according to the words of our Lord to continue till He comes again. How are we to understand this? The testimony which was begun by the apostles up to the time when Israel rejected once more the offers of mercy from the risen Lord, when He was still waiting for their repentance as a nation, is an unfinished testimony. After that offer was again rejected the great parenthesis, the church age, began, and during this age (which is not reckoned in the Old Testament) there is no more Jewish testimony of the kingdom of the heavens. Israel nationally is set aside, blindness in part is theirs till the fullness of the Gentiles is come in. When the church is complete and the rapture of the saints has taken place, then the Lord begins to deal with His people Israel again. There is the seventieth week of Daniel 9 yet to come, and this week of seven years forms the end of this dispensation. In this coming last week of seven years the church testimony is finished and the Jewish believers will take up the unfinished testimony to the nation and proclaim once more 'The Kingdom of the heavens is a hand.' The 24th chapter in this Gospel is a continuation of the 10th chapter, inasmuch as Matthew 24 shows us the unfinished testimony of the 10th chapter, finished and completed. (Read Matt 24:5-32.) In Matt. 24 we read of the great tribulation, so likewise here in the tenth chapter. In Micah 7 we read of a dark picture and there the Spirit Christ reveals a tribulation, which His lips on the earth proclaim to His disciples. Then during the tribulation (never now) it will mean enduring to the end and salvation will come then by the visible return of the Son of Man from heaven. What our Lord said in verses 17 and 18 about persecutions from Jews and Gentiles for these witnesses will find its final great fulfillment in that great tribulation, when not alone the unbelieving nation will persecute the believing and witnessing Jewish remnant, but nations as well." (Gaebelein)
Beelzebul - "...means 'lord of the flies,' a guardian deity of the Ekronites (2 Kings 1:2), but used by the Jews as an epithet for Satan. The name may have been a mocking Hebrew alteration of BaalZebul, a local archdemon of northern Palestine and Syria. For Jesus' enemies to allege that He was possessed by Beelzebul was the worst kind of blasphemy (Mark 3:22)." (Ryrie)
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