Monday, December 10, 2012

Acts 20:1-6

After the uproar ceased, Paul sent for the disciples, and after encouraging them, he said farewell and departed for Macedonia. When he had gone through those regions and had given them much encouragement, he came to Greece. There he spent three months, and when a plot was made against him by the Jews as he was about to set sail for Syria, he decided to return through Macedonia. Sopater the Berean, son of Pyrrhus, accompanied him; and of the Thessalonians, Aristarchus and Secundus; and Gaius of Derbe, and Timothy; and the Asians, Tychicus and Trophimus. These went on ahead and were waiting for us at Troas, but we sailed away from Philippi after the days of Unleavened Bread, and in five days we came to them at Troas, where we stayed for seven days.


vss 1-4 - "Luke's brevity here, a mere mention of the missionary team and a journey through Macedonia revisiting established communities, suggests that Acts could have been a much longer book.  2 Cor. 2:12-13; 7:5-7 give further information about this period of Paul's activities." (Ryrie)

"The record before us is very brief.  Some have thought the reason is the fact that the Apostle had turned aside from His given ministry and therefore the Holy Spirit had nothing to report." (Gaebelein)   [speculation, obviously based on his opinion that Paul was moved by his own spirit, no the Holy Spirit, to go again to Jerusalem - see notes on chapter 19]

"That Romans was written at this time is almost certain, for it was evidently sent from Corinth, where Erastus was the city treasurer (Rom 16:23; cf. 2 Tim 4:20) and Gaius Paul's host (Rom 16:23; cf. 1 Cor 1:14).  It was written after Aquila and Priscilla had returned to Rome (Rom 16:3) and after Paul had 'purposed in the spirit' to go to Jerusalem and Rome (Acts 19:21) indeed, when he was about to travel to Jerusalem with the 'contribution for the poor saints' there (Rom 15:25,26)." (Stam)

departed for Macedonia - "According to his declared intention (Acts 19:21), though his departure was expedited by the riot.  He sailed by a coasting vessel, trans-shipping at Troas, where he tarried for a time expecting Titus who had been dispatched on special business to Corinth, probably bearing with him the First Epistle to the Corinthians.  While he waited for Titus, special opportunities presented themselves for work in Troas (2 Cor 1:12).  But on account of his anxiety for news from Corinth, aggravated, it would seem, by a serious illness and by distress about the condition of the Galatian churches (2 Cor 1:8-10), he curtailed his campaign in Troas and passed on to Macedonia (2 Cor 2:13).  Ramsay suggests that Titus, unable to cross the open sea out of the sailing season, had to take a coasting voyage via Macedonia, and so was much delayed  Of course, also, St. Paul had arrived at Troas much earlier than had been originally contemplated.  The two finally met in Macedonia, probably in Philippi (2 Cor 7:5-7).  It is strange that Titus is not mentioned in the Acts, as he plays so important a part in the third missionary journey and afterwards.  He was clearly a Greek.  In Macedonia, Paul met also Timothy again, possibly at Thessalonica." (Walker)

gone through those regions - "His itinerating tour would, of course,  include Philippi, Beroea, and Thessalonica,—seems to have been extended as far as Illyricum, a province bordering on the Adriatic Sea, north of Macedonia (Rom 15:19).  His attention was much occupied at this time in collecting alms from the Gentile churches for the poor Christians at Jerusalem.  The summer and autumn were spent over this Macedonian tour.  To this period must be assigned his Second Epistle to the Corinthians, dispatched by Titus, who gladly undertook a second journey to Corinth, accompanied by two others, of whom 'the brother whose praise in the Gospel is spread through all the churches' is popularly supposed (though without actual proof) to be St. Luke (2 Cor 8:16-24).  They were specially charged to push on the collections for Jerusalem.  To this period, too many assign the Epistle to the Galatians, largely on linguistic and other grounds." (Walker)

he spent three months - "That is, December, January, and February.  During this time, he wrote and dispatched his great Epistle to the Romans sending it by Phoebe (Rom 16:1-2).  Timothy and others united with him in sending greetings to the Roman Christians (Rom 16:21-23).  We gather from its pages that his mind was set on going to Rome and the West, as also that he anticipated trouble in Jerusalem (Rom 15:22-33)." (Walker)

"The apostle had pledged his word to visit Corinth, by the will of God, and we have no doubt that the 'three months' in Greece were spent mainly at Corinth, at the home of one of the first converts there—Gaius (See 1 Cor 1:14; cf. Rom 16:23)." (Stam)

a plot - "...probably to kill Paul on board ship and throw his body overboard, so Paul returned overland through Macedonia." (Ryrie)

"It appears from Verses 4 to 6 that, to foil the assassins' plot, seven of those who 'accompainied' Paul 'into Asia' boarded the ship to Troas as scheduled, as though there had been no change in plans, while Paul and his 'beloved physician' (the change of person to 'us' and 'we' in Verses 5 and 6 and to the end of Acts, indicates that Luke had again joined the apostle and doubtless stayed with him until his imprisonment in Rome) went north to Macedonia and sailed from Philippi (or Neapolis, its nearby port) to meet the others at Troas." (Stam)

accompanied - "A verb peculiar to this verse.  We gather that this representative party must have been delegates of the Gentile churches, entrusted with contributions for the poor Christians of Jerusalem.  St. Paul had been urging these collections strongly in Galatia (1 Cor 16:1), Macedonia (2 Cor 8:1-4), Achaia (1 Cor 16:1-4; 2 Cor 8:6-24), and doubtless in Asia also.  He seems to have attached the greatest importance to them as a means of promoting unity between Jew and Gentile Christians.  Though these collections are not specifically mentioned in the Act, they are alluded to in Acts 24:17 (cf. Rom 15:25).  He had himself suggested that the offerings should be entrusted to chosen delegates (1 Cor 16:3-4), to travel in his company." (Walker)

"As we have already intimated, the apostle had for some time been gathering an offering for the poor saints in Judaea.  He had several reasons for engaging in this project.  First, he felt it was the duty of the Gentiles, who were now being made partakers of Israel's spiritual things, to minister to them in material things (Rom 15:25-27).  Second, he had promised to remember Israel's poor (Gal 2:10).  Third, he hoped that a generous gift from the Gentile believers would serve to improve relations between the church at Jerusalem and the Gentile churches (Rom 15:31; 2 Cor 9:12,13).  This was not the first time, of course, that the Gentile churches had helped the Judaean churches financially.  Regarding the request of the leaders at Jerusalem that the Gentile churches remember their poor, Paul had commented to the Galatians: 'Which very thing I was also zealous to do/ (Gal 2:10).  And indeed the apostle had been used to deliver Gentile bounty to Jerusalem years before this, when the believers at Syrian Antioch had 'sent relief unto the Brethren which dwelt in Judaea' (Acts 11:29,30).  This alone is evidence enough that the Pentecostal program, with its 'all things common,' had broken down.  Then the Church at Jerusalem had enjoyed great prosperity, 'neither was there any among them that lacked' (Acts 4:32-35); but since then the Gentile church at Antioch, and now those in the provinces of Galatia, Asia, Macedonia and Achaia, had all had to come to the support of 'the poor saints ... at Jerusalem.'  Thus the picture, unlike that presented in prophecy, is one of needy Jews receiving 'alms' from the Gentiles (Acts 24:17)." (Stam)

Sopater the Berean - "It is doubtful if he is to be identified with the Sosipater of Rom 16:21, who was with St. Paul at Corinth.  The mention of his being 'the son of Pyrrhus' may be intended to distinguish him from others of the same name; or it may mark his respectable parentage." (Walker)

Aristarchus - "A native of Thessalonica (Acts 20:4; 27:2). Our first notice of him occurs here. He was a converted Jew (Col 4:10-12). He is found in St. Paul's company on the return journey from his third missionary tour (Acts 20:4), and seems to have accompanied him to Jerusalem, since we find him going with the apostle from Caesarea to Rome (Acts 27:2). He remained with him during part or the whole of his first Roman imprisonment, possibly sharing his bonds (Col 4:10); Philem 24). After that, we lose sight of him. Both he and Gaius were converted, most likely, during St. Paul's first visit to Macedonia (Acts 16)." (Walker)

Secundus - "We know nothing further of him.  The three enumerated so far were clearly the Macedonian delegates.  St. Luke himself may have been entrusted with the Philippian contributions when he joined the party at that city (Acts 20:6), as only Beroea and Thessalonica are mentioned in this verse." (Walker)

Gaius of Derbe - (see note above regarding Aristarchus)

Timothy - "Of Lystra (Acts 16:1).  He and Gaius may have been the Galatian delegates." (Walker)

Tychicus - "We find him, later, a valued fellow-worker with St. Paul at Rome, during the latter's first imprisonment there.  To him were entrusted the Epistles to the Ephesians, Colossians, and Philemon (Eph 6:21-22; Col 4:7-8).  At a subsequent date, St. Paul speaks of possibly sending him to relieve Titus at Crete (Titus 3:12); and he is mentioned in 2 Tim 4:12 as having been recently sent by the apostle on a special mission to Ephesus.  He was most probably an Ephesian." (Walker)

Trophimus - "He accompanied St. Paul to Jerusalem, and it was his presence there which led to the tumult in the temple (Acts 21:29).  He was an Ephesian.  The only other occurrence of his name is in 2 Tim 4:20, where he is said to have been left by the apostle at Miletus sick on the eve of St. Paul's second Roman imprisonment.  He and Tychicus were the Asian delegates, and many are of opinion that, though their names are included in this list, they were not actually present at Corinth, but joined the party in Asia.  This opinion is based on the understanding that the 'these' of v. 5 only refers to the two mentioned last in the list.  They consider that the original plan had been to pick them up at Ephesus in the pilgrim ship bound for the Passover, but that the Jewish plot led to a change of plan and that a message was dispatched to them to come to Troas instead.  We notice that no Achaian delegates are mentioned by name.  Ramsay suggests that the Corinthians may have entrusted their contributions to St. Paul himself (1 Cor 16:3-4).  Or may it not be possible that Titus was their representative?  His name is, for some reason, left unmentioned in the Acts, though he is known to have been one of St. Paul's most trusted fellow-workers, and to have been in close touch with the church in Corinth." (Walker)

"It is remarkable that Titus, who occupied so large a place in Paul's ministry , is not even mentioned in the Book of Acts.  Conversely, the notice he is given in just one of Paul's epistles (2 Corinthians) is altogether unique in Paul's writings.  In that epistle alone he is mentioned nine times, and always with affection and esteem.  Ramsay believes that had he not been a Gentile he would have been recognized sooner, and reads in 2 Corinthians a possible wish on Paul's part to compensate for the neglect that had for many years sacrificed him to the thankless policy of conciliating the Jews ... Titus and Timothy were probably closer to Paul than any of his co-workers, and in this fact we learn how wonderfully God provided the moral and spiritual support the apostle so often need in his strenuous ministry, for these two young pastors differed greatly nature and character, yet both were so valuable to Paul.  As we have already point out, it is evident from Paul's letters to Timothy that he was cultured and refined, a student from his youth, delicate in health and possessing, as was natural from his upbringing, an almost feminine tenderness.  The apostle write to him about his childhood, his mother, his grandmother and his tears; prescribe for his 'often infirmities' and begs him not to be ashamed or afraid or weak, but to be strong, as 'a good soldier of Jesus Christ.'  This sincere and refined young man, a teacher by nature, proved a great help to Paul and served with him as 'a son with the father' (Phil 2:19,22).  Titus was a very different character.  This is quite evident from Paul's letter to him, in which he addresses him as an army general might address his lieutenant; directing him to set in order the things that are wanting, to exhort and convince the gainsayers, to stop the mouths of unruly and vain talkers, to rebuke sharply those who lived careless lives, to show himself a pattern of good works and to reject wilful heretics ... An interesting comparison between Timothy and Titus is to be found in what Paul has to say with respect to visits they made to Corinth.  Timothy was head and shoulders above the Corinthian believers, both morally and spiritually, yet when Paul sent him there,  he had to write a letter ahead, exhorting them: 'Now if Timotheus come, see that he may be with you without fear; for he worketh the work of the Lord, as also I do.  Let no man therefore despise him...' (1 Cor 16:19,11).  But later, when Titus had been to Corinth and had returned, Paul wrote them: 'And his inward affection is more abundant toward you, whilst he remembereth the obedience of you all, how with fear and trembling ye received him'! (2 Cor 7:15).  Titus, then, was the more robust character of the two, yet far from coarse or crude.  Indeed, he was by nature a remarkable combination of enthusiasm and discretion and, certainly, integrity (See 2 Cor 12:18) ... Paul needed a friend like Titus.  We have discussed the apostle's anxiety and mental depression both at Troas and in Macedonia, and while this state of mind was partly due to his apprehensions regarding the church at Corinth, it was also partly due to his disappointment at failing to find Titus, whose buoyant faith had so often encouraged and refreshed him.  He left Troas, he says, not first of all, because he had failed to hear from Corinth, but 'because I found not Titus, my brother (2 Cor 2:13) and regarding his 'troubled' condition in Macedonia, he says that 'God, that comforteth those that are cast down,' comforted him, first of all, 'by the coming of Titus,' and then by the news he brought from Corinth (See 2 Cor 7:5-7)." (Stam)

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