For if that first covenant had been faultless, there would have been no occasion sought for a second. For finding fault with them, He says, “BEHOLD, DAYS ARE COMING, SAYS THE LORD, WHEN I WILL EFFECT A NEW COVENANT WITH THE HOUSE OF ISRAEL AND WITH THE HOUSE OF JUDAH; NOT LIKE THE COVENANT WHICH I MADE WITH THEIR FATHERS ON THE DAY WHEN I TOOK THEM BY THE HAND TO LEAD THEM OUT OF THE LAND OF EGYPT; FOR THEY DID NOT CONTINUE IN MY COVENANT, AND I DID NOT CARE FOR THEM, SAYS THE LORD. “FOR THIS IS THE COVENANT THAT I WILL MAKE WITH THE HOUSE OF ISRAEL AFTER THOSE DAYS, SAYS THE LORD: I WILL PUT MY LAWS INTO THEIR MINDS, AND I WILL WRITE THEM ON THEIR HEARTS. AND I WILL BE THEIR GOD, AND THEY SHALL BE MY PEOPLE. “AND THE SHALL NOT TEACH EVERYONE HIS FELLOW CITIZEN, AND EVERYONE HIS BROTHER, SAYING, ‘KNOW THE LORD,’ FOR ALL WILL KNOW ME, FROM THE LEAST TO THE GREATEST OF THEM. “FOR I WILL BE MERCIFUL TO THEIR INIQUITIES, AND I WILL REMEMBER THEIR SINS NO MORE.” When He said, “A new covenant,” He has made the first obsolete. But whatever is becoming obsolete and growing old is ready to disappear.
"The prediction and promise of a new covenant in Jer 31:31-34 proves the inadequacy and temporary nature of the Mosaic Law." (Ryrie)
"Since God instituted the First Testament, it was perfect for the purpose for which it was planned, as an index-finger pointing to Messiah and His substitutionary atonement. But it was faulty when it came to the place of providing an atonement that would pay for sin. The very fact that a place in history was sought for a new one, shows that the First Testament was faulty." (Wuest)
v 8 - "The writer now quotes Jeremiah (31:31-34), one of their own prophets. It is an astute move. He puts the Jewish recipients of this letter in the place where they will have to accept the New Testament and the testimony of their own prophet to the effect that God would bring in a New Testament, or, if they reject the New Testament, they will be forced to reject their own prophet. Thus does the writer builds his argument upon the Old Testament Scriptures, the very Word of God his readers profess to believe. The word 'them' refers to the people of Israel during the time the First Testament was in force. The writer after finding fault with the First Testament, now finds fault with the people." (Wuest)
"There is a subtle delicacy of language in the insensible shifting of language from the covenant to the people. The covenant itself could hardly be said to be faultless, seeing that it failed to bind Israel to their God; but the true cause of failure lay in the character of the people, not in the law, which was holy, righteous, and good." (Rendall)
"The old covenant was faulty because it did not provide for enabling the people to live up to the terms or conditions of it. It was faulty inasmuch as it did not sufficiently provide against their faultiness." (Expositor's)
WHEN I WILL EFFECT A NEW COVENANT WITH THE HOUSE OF ISRAEL AND WITH THE HOUSE OF JUDAH - "It is important to note that the New Testament is not Christianity. The Book of Hebrews is not an argument the purpose of which is to prove that Christianity is superior to Judaism as seen in its Founder, Christ. The First Testament was a covenant made with Israel. The New Testament is also a covenant made with Israel. God makes no covenants with the Gentiles. Israel is the chosen channel through which He brings salvation to the human race. The First Testament consisted of a system of sacrifices, symbolic in their import. The New Testament is a Sacrifice, the Lord Jesus at the Cross, actual in its character, and efficacious in its merits. The First Testament began at Genesis 3:21, and ended at the Cross. The New Testament began at the Cross and is an everlasting one (Hebrews 13:20). Christianity refers to the Mystical Body of Christ of which He is the Head. This Body is composed of all who are saved from Pentecost [I don't agree] to the Rapture. The New Testament made Christianity possible. The saints of the Church Age are saved through the Blood of the Sacrifice which was offered under the New Testament. That is the relationship between the New Testament and Christianity. The two names, Israel and Judah, refer here to the two parts of the divided nation, Israel the northern kingdom, and Judah, the southern." (Wuest)
THEY DID NOT CONTINUE IN MY COVENANT, AND I DID NOT CARE FOR THEM, SAYS THE LORD - "When Israel failed to be rue to the covenant, God's solicitude and concern for His chosen people gave place to one of righteous indignation, which attitude culminated with the captivities. How serious was Israel's defection is seen in the words which Delitzsch quotes from Schelling: 'The Law appears to be the mere ideal of a religious constitution, as it has never existed in fact: in practice, the Jews were almost throughout polytheists. The substance of their national feeling was formed by heathendom: the accidents only, by revelation. From the queen of heaven down to the abominations of the Phoenicians, and even Cybele, the Jews passed through every grade of paganism.' Delitzsch adds, 'In fact, there is no period of the history of Israel before the captivity, in which more or less idolatry was not united with the worship of Jehovah, except the time of David and the first years of Solomon, during which the influence of Samuel still continued to be felt. And when by the captivity idol-worship was completely eradicated from the people, as far at least as regards that part of it which returned, it is well-known that a hypocritical letter-worship got the mastery over them, which was morally very little better.'" (Wuest)
‘KNOW THE LORD,’ FOR ALL WILL KNOW ME, FROM THE LEAST TO THE GREATEST OF THEM - "The Greek text uses two different words in the case of the expressions 'know the Lord,' and 'all shall know Me.' In the case of the first instance of the use of the word 'know,' the word is ginosko. This word is used where one commends God to the knowledge of one who is ignorant of Him. The word thus implies the recognition of the person or thing disclosed, upon the part of the one to whom the disclosure is made. The other word is oida which speaks of an absolute acquaintance with something. Under the New Testament, Israel in the Millennium, its individual members cleansed in the fountain filled with blood through the sovereign grace of God, indwelt by the Holy Spirit who will both sanctify and teach the individual (Zech 12:10-13:6), will have not need of any intermediate between the individual believer and God. Equipped with the Great Teacher, the Holy Spirit, all, from the least to the greatest among them, shall have a personal, direct relationship to God." (Wuest)
He has made the first obsolete. But whatever is becoming obsolete and growing old is ready to disappear - "Soon after the writing of this letter the Temple at Jerusalem was burnt down, and with it the ministry of the Old Covenant perished forever. These two Covenants were made with Israel. A Covenant is a principle of relationship between man on the earth and God. Such is Israel's glory as an earthly people. The First Covenant was established with them at Sinai; the Second was established with Christ. The Gospel is a Covenant, a revelation of the salvation of God. The Church enjoys all the fullness of the New Covenant, and much more. The foundation of her blessings are based upon the same foundation upon which is founded the New Covenant. It will be fulfilled to Israel in the millennium." (Williams)
"The prediction and promise of a new covenant in Jer 31:31-34 proves the inadequacy and temporary nature of the Mosaic Law." (Ryrie)
"Since God instituted the First Testament, it was perfect for the purpose for which it was planned, as an index-finger pointing to Messiah and His substitutionary atonement. But it was faulty when it came to the place of providing an atonement that would pay for sin. The very fact that a place in history was sought for a new one, shows that the First Testament was faulty." (Wuest)
v 8 - "The writer now quotes Jeremiah (31:31-34), one of their own prophets. It is an astute move. He puts the Jewish recipients of this letter in the place where they will have to accept the New Testament and the testimony of their own prophet to the effect that God would bring in a New Testament, or, if they reject the New Testament, they will be forced to reject their own prophet. Thus does the writer builds his argument upon the Old Testament Scriptures, the very Word of God his readers profess to believe. The word 'them' refers to the people of Israel during the time the First Testament was in force. The writer after finding fault with the First Testament, now finds fault with the people." (Wuest)
"There is a subtle delicacy of language in the insensible shifting of language from the covenant to the people. The covenant itself could hardly be said to be faultless, seeing that it failed to bind Israel to their God; but the true cause of failure lay in the character of the people, not in the law, which was holy, righteous, and good." (Rendall)
"The old covenant was faulty because it did not provide for enabling the people to live up to the terms or conditions of it. It was faulty inasmuch as it did not sufficiently provide against their faultiness." (Expositor's)
WHEN I WILL EFFECT A NEW COVENANT WITH THE HOUSE OF ISRAEL AND WITH THE HOUSE OF JUDAH - "It is important to note that the New Testament is not Christianity. The Book of Hebrews is not an argument the purpose of which is to prove that Christianity is superior to Judaism as seen in its Founder, Christ. The First Testament was a covenant made with Israel. The New Testament is also a covenant made with Israel. God makes no covenants with the Gentiles. Israel is the chosen channel through which He brings salvation to the human race. The First Testament consisted of a system of sacrifices, symbolic in their import. The New Testament is a Sacrifice, the Lord Jesus at the Cross, actual in its character, and efficacious in its merits. The First Testament began at Genesis 3:21, and ended at the Cross. The New Testament began at the Cross and is an everlasting one (Hebrews 13:20). Christianity refers to the Mystical Body of Christ of which He is the Head. This Body is composed of all who are saved from Pentecost [I don't agree] to the Rapture. The New Testament made Christianity possible. The saints of the Church Age are saved through the Blood of the Sacrifice which was offered under the New Testament. That is the relationship between the New Testament and Christianity. The two names, Israel and Judah, refer here to the two parts of the divided nation, Israel the northern kingdom, and Judah, the southern." (Wuest)
THEY DID NOT CONTINUE IN MY COVENANT, AND I DID NOT CARE FOR THEM, SAYS THE LORD - "When Israel failed to be rue to the covenant, God's solicitude and concern for His chosen people gave place to one of righteous indignation, which attitude culminated with the captivities. How serious was Israel's defection is seen in the words which Delitzsch quotes from Schelling: 'The Law appears to be the mere ideal of a religious constitution, as it has never existed in fact: in practice, the Jews were almost throughout polytheists. The substance of their national feeling was formed by heathendom: the accidents only, by revelation. From the queen of heaven down to the abominations of the Phoenicians, and even Cybele, the Jews passed through every grade of paganism.' Delitzsch adds, 'In fact, there is no period of the history of Israel before the captivity, in which more or less idolatry was not united with the worship of Jehovah, except the time of David and the first years of Solomon, during which the influence of Samuel still continued to be felt. And when by the captivity idol-worship was completely eradicated from the people, as far at least as regards that part of it which returned, it is well-known that a hypocritical letter-worship got the mastery over them, which was morally very little better.'" (Wuest)
‘KNOW THE LORD,’ FOR ALL WILL KNOW ME, FROM THE LEAST TO THE GREATEST OF THEM - "The Greek text uses two different words in the case of the expressions 'know the Lord,' and 'all shall know Me.' In the case of the first instance of the use of the word 'know,' the word is ginosko. This word is used where one commends God to the knowledge of one who is ignorant of Him. The word thus implies the recognition of the person or thing disclosed, upon the part of the one to whom the disclosure is made. The other word is oida which speaks of an absolute acquaintance with something. Under the New Testament, Israel in the Millennium, its individual members cleansed in the fountain filled with blood through the sovereign grace of God, indwelt by the Holy Spirit who will both sanctify and teach the individual (Zech 12:10-13:6), will have not need of any intermediate between the individual believer and God. Equipped with the Great Teacher, the Holy Spirit, all, from the least to the greatest among them, shall have a personal, direct relationship to God." (Wuest)
He has made the first obsolete. But whatever is becoming obsolete and growing old is ready to disappear - "Soon after the writing of this letter the Temple at Jerusalem was burnt down, and with it the ministry of the Old Covenant perished forever. These two Covenants were made with Israel. A Covenant is a principle of relationship between man on the earth and God. Such is Israel's glory as an earthly people. The First Covenant was established with them at Sinai; the Second was established with Christ. The Gospel is a Covenant, a revelation of the salvation of God. The Church enjoys all the fullness of the New Covenant, and much more. The foundation of her blessings are based upon the same foundation upon which is founded the New Covenant. It will be fulfilled to Israel in the millennium." (Williams)
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